Theory

The Functional City

CIAM 4 doctrine (1933) organising the city around four functions — dwelling, work, recreation and circulation — later codified in Le Corbusier's 1943 Athens Charter together with the triad sun, space and greenery (soleil, espace, verdure).

Settlement Infrastructure Power

Details

Introduced: 1933

Referenced by

The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasília articulates
La Charte d'Athènes / The Athens Charter articulates

Sources

Evelien van Es et al. (eds). Atlas of the Functional City: CIAM 4 and Comparative Urban Analysis. THOTH/gta, 2014.

Cite this entry

First published May 2026Last revised Jul 2026

CLAD. "The Functional City." Atlas of Architectural Thought. CLAD, 2026. https://www.cl-ad.com.au/research/atlas/theory/the-functional-city/. Accessed July 17, 2026.