Block · 600 × 300 × 20 mm
Stone — indicative fig. M·121
Fire A1 Non-combustibleEmbodied carbon 0.18kgCO₂e/kg LowCompressive 50MPa StructuralDesign life 100yr Durable
Natural limestone cladding panels with tumbled finish, providing durable, non-combustible external wall covering suitable for all Australian BAL zones including BAL-FZ. Excellent weathering properties with minimal maintenance requirements.
01 Physical
Density 2750kg/m³
Specific gravity 2.75
Porosity 15%
Water absorption 5.5%
Hardness 4
UV resistance Excellent
Chemical resistance Moderate
pH tolerance 7-14
Surface roughness 3.5µm
02 Mechanical
Tensile strength 2.5MPa
Compressive strength 50MPa
Flexural strength 7MPa
Shear strength 15MPa
Poisson's ratio 0.25
Impact resistance Moderate
Creep resistance Excellent
03 Thermal
Thermal conductivity 1.3W/m·K
Specific heat 840J/kg·K
Thermal expansion 8×10⁻⁶/°C
04 Compliance & Fire First question
Combustibility class Non-combustible
Fire resistance level Non-combustible
Flame spread index 0
Smoke dev. index 0
Heat release rate 0
05 Sustainability & Health
Embodied carbon 0.18
Carbon footprint 85
Embodied energy 1MJ/kg
Water footprint 15L/kg
Recyclability 100%
Recycled content 0%
Renewable content 0%
Circular score 75
VOC emissions 0
Toxicity rating None
LEED contribution 2
06 Durability · Cost · Logistics
Expected lifespan 100+ years
Maintenance interval 5-10 years
Warranty period 10-15 years
Material cost (range) $90-150/m²
Material cost (per unit) $16-27/unit
Lead time 2-6 weeks
Lifecycle cost $200-300/m²
Annual maintenance $0-2/m²
Market availability Good
07 Assessment
Advantages
- Non-combustible material suitable for BAL-FZ zones
- Excellent durability with proven centuries-long performance
- Low maintenance requirements with no painting needed
- Natural thermal mass providing passive temperature regulation
- Environmentally sustainable natural material
- Increases property value as premium cladding
- UV resistant with no colour fading
- Compatible with both adhesive and mechanical fixing
Constraints
- Higher initial cost than brick veneer or rendered systems
- Requires skilled installation for optimal results
- Susceptible to acid rain damage in urban environments
- Weight requires adequate structural support
- Natural variation in colour and texture between pieces
- Potential for salt attack in marine environments
- Can show efflorescence if moisture management inadequate
- Limited availability of matching pieces for repairs
08 Applications
A1 External wall cladding for residential and commercial buildings
A2 Feature walls and architectural facades
A3 Heritage building restoration and conservation
A4 Bushfire-prone area construction (all BAL levels)
A5 Pool surrounds and landscape features
A6 Internal feature walls and fireplaces
A7 Rainscreen cladding systems
A8 Thermal mass wall construction
09 Sources & Standards
Sources pending — citations for this material are not yet recorded. Verify all figures against manufacturer data and current standards before specifying.