Form · Sizes pending
Clay-Based — indicative fig. M·40
Fire A1 - A1 Non-combustibleEmbodied carbon 0.91kgCO₂e/kg Low–mediumCompressive 200 – 400MPa StructuralDesign life 35yr
Vitrified ceramic sanitaryware with glass-like enamel coating, water absorption <0.5%, used for bathroom fixtures including toilets, basins, urinals, and bidets
01 Physical
Density 1830 – 2480kg/m³
Specific gravity 1.83 – 2.48dimensionless
Hardness 7Mohs scale
UV resistance Excellent
Chemical resistance Excellent - resistant to acids, alkalis, and cleaning agents
pH tolerance 3 – 14pH
Surface roughness 0.1 – 0.5μm Ra
02 Mechanical
Tensile strength 20 – 40MPa
Compressive strength 200 – 400MPa
Flexural strength 39 – 78MPa
Shear strength 30 – 60MPa
Poisson's ratio 0.5dimensionless
Impact resistance Low - brittle material
Creep resistance Excellent at ambient temperatures
03 Thermal
Thermal conductivity 0.5 – 2W/(m·K)
Specific heat 800J/(kg·K)
Thermal expansion 6 – 7×10⁻⁶/°C
04 Compliance & Fire First question
Combustibility class A1 - Non-combustible
Fire resistance level Non-combustible per AS 1530.1
Flame spread index 0FSI
Smoke dev. index 0SDI
Heat release rate 0kW/m²
05 Sustainability & Health
Embodied carbon 700 – 1120kgCO2-eq/tonne
Carbon footprint 700 – 1120kgCO2-eq/tonne
Embodied energy 10 – 15GJ/tonne
Water footprint 15L/kg product
Recyclability 100%
Recycled content 0 – 30%
Renewable content 0%
Circular score 40/100
VOC emissions 0g/L
Toxicity rating Non-toxic - inert ceramic
LEED contribution 1 – 3
06 Durability · Cost · Logistics
Expected lifespan 20 – 50years
Maintenance interval 1year for inspection
Warranty period 1 – 15years
Material cost (range) 200 – 2000AUD per unit
Material cost (per unit) Varies by product: Basin $200-800, Toilet $300-1500, Urinal $400-2000 AUD
Lead time 1 – 12weeks
Lifecycle cost 1000 – 4000AUD over 25 years
Annual maintenance 20 – 50AUD per fixture
Market availability Excellent - multiple Australian suppliers
07 Assessment
Advantages
- Water absorption <0.5% ensuring hygiene
- Non-porous glazed surface prevents bacterial growth
- High chemical resistance to cleaning agents
- Stain and odour resistant
- Durable with 20-50+ year lifespan
- Fire resistant and non-combustible
- Easy to clean and maintain
- Aesthetically pleasing glossy finish
- Complies with Australian Standards
- Suitable for all climate zones
Constraints
- Brittle - susceptible to impact damage
- Heavy weight (density 1830-2480 kg/m³)
- High embodied carbon (700-1120 kgCO2-eq/tonne)
- Limited thermal shock resistance
- Cannot be repaired if cracked
- High firing temperature energy consumption
- Shrinkage during manufacture (10-12%)
- Professional installation required
- Higher initial cost than plastic alternatives
- Limited recycling infrastructure
08 Applications
A1 Toilets and water closets
A2 Washbasins and lavatories
A3 Urinals
A4 Bidets
A5 Cisterns
A6 Pedestals
A7 Healthcare sanitaryware
A8 Commercial washroom fixtures
A9 Accessible bathroom fixtures
A10 Laboratory sinks
09 Sources & Standards
Sources pending — citations for this material are not yet recorded. Verify all figures against manufacturer data and current standards before specifying.