Panel · 125–300 mm
Cementitious — indicative fig. M·28
Fire A1 Non-combustibleEmbodied carbon Data pending Unit unclearCompressive 25-50MPa StructuralDesign life 100yr Durable
Prefabricated or site-cast concrete panels used for structural walls and cladding in commercial and industrial construction, available in various thicknesses from 125mm to 300mm with multiple finish options
01 Physical
Density 2400
Specific gravity 2.4
Porosity 12
Water absorption 5
Hardness 6
UV resistance Excellent
Chemical resistance Good
pH tolerance 6-11
Surface roughness 5-50
02 Mechanical
Tensile strength 2.5-4.0
Compressive strength 25-50MPa
Flexural strength 3.5-5.5MPa
Shear strength 3.0-4.5
Poisson's ratio 0.2
Impact resistance High
Creep resistance 2.0-2.5
03 Thermal
Thermal conductivity 1.75
Specific heat 880
Thermal expansion 10
04 Compliance & Fire First question
Combustibility class Non-combustible
Fire resistance level 90-240
Ignition temp N/A°C
Flame spread index 0
Smoke dev. index 0
Heat release rate 0
05 Sustainability & Health
Embodied carbon 60-135
Carbon footprint 300-450
Embodied energy 1.5-2.0MJ/kg
Water footprint 200-250
Recyclability 100
Recycled content 20-40
Renewable content 0
Circular score 7
VOC emissions Negligible
Toxicity rating Non-toxic
LEED contribution 2-4
06 Durability · Cost · Logistics
Expected lifespan 100+
Maintenance interval 10-15
Warranty period 10-50
Material cost (range) 90-250
Material cost (per unit) 350-500
Lead time 2-6
Lifecycle cost Low
Annual maintenance 0.50-1.00
Market availability Excellent
07 Assessment
Advantages
- Rapid construction with reduced on-site labour
- Inherent fire resistance without additional treatments
- High thermal mass for passive climate control
- Excellent durability and 100+ year design life
- Minimal maintenance requirements
- Factory quality control (precast)
- Cost-effective for large areas
- Integral finishes reduce trades
- Structural and cladding functions combined
- Recyclable at end of life
Constraints
- Heavy elements require crane access
- Limited flexibility after installation
- Thermal bridging without insulation
- Transport limitations for precast
- Site space requirements for tilt-up
- Skilled engineering design required
- Joint detailing critical for weatherproofing
- Higher embodied carbon than lightweight systems
- Acoustic flanking through solid connections
- Difficult retrofitting of services
08 Applications
A1 Industrial warehouses and factories
A2 Commercial buildings and offices
A3 Retail and shopping centres
A4 Educational facilities
A5 Multi-storey car parks
A6 Agricultural and storage buildings
A7 Fire-rated boundary walls
A8 Acoustic barriers
A9 Retaining walls
A10 Civil infrastructure
09 Sources & Standards
Sources pending — citations for this material are not yet recorded. Verify all figures against manufacturer data and current standards before specifying.