Form · 25–50 mm
Cementitious — indicative fig. M·12
Fire A1 Non-combustibleEmbodied carbon 0.04kgCO₂e/kg LowCompressive 20-48MPa StructuralDesign life 50yr
Sprayed concrete for architectural surfaces, typically achieving 20-48 MPa compressive strength with controlled finishes.
01 Physical
Density 2500kg/m3
Specific gravity 2.4
Porosity 14.87%
Water absorption 6.75%
Hardness 7
UV resistance Excellent
Chemical resistance Moderate
pH tolerance 4.5-12.5
Surface roughness 3.5µm
02 Mechanical
Tensile strength 2.2-4.1MPa
Compressive strength 20-48MPa
Flexural strength 6MPa
Shear strength 1.2MPa
Poisson's ratio 0.18
Impact resistance High
Creep resistance Moderate
03 Thermal
Thermal conductivity 1.75W/m·K
Specific heat 1000J/kg·K
Thermal expansion 11×10⁻⁶/°C
04 Compliance & Fire First question
Combustibility class Non-combustible
Fire resistance level 120/120/120
Flame spread index 0
Smoke dev. index 0
Heat release rate 0
05 Sustainability & Health
Embodied carbon 106.7kgCO2e/m³
Carbon footprint 120
Embodied energy 523MJ/kg
Water footprint 165L/kg
Recyclability 95%
Recycled content 15%
Renewable content 0%
Circular score 7.5
VOC emissions Negligible
Toxicity rating Non-toxic
LEED contribution 3
06 Durability · Cost · Logistics
Expected lifespan 50-100 years
Maintenance interval Annual inspection
Warranty period 2-10 years
Material cost (range) 110-340
Material cost (per unit) 250
Lead time 2-14 days
Lifecycle cost 450
Annual maintenance 5
Market availability Readily available
07 Assessment
Advantages
- No formwork required - significant cost savings
- Excellent bond with substrate surfaces
- Suitable for vertical and overhead applications
- Rapid application in confined spaces
- High strength and durability (32-68 MPa)
- Adaptable to complex geometries
- Lower labour requirements than cast concrete
- Immediate structural capacity
- Non-combustible with high fire ratings
- Termite resistant
Constraints
- Rebound material waste (15-30% dry-mix, 5-10% wet-mix)
- Requires skilled certified operators (AQF Level 3)
- Dust generation during application
- Weather-dependent application
- Limited to suitable aggregate sizes (10mm max)
- Higher cement content than cast concrete
- Potential for poor surface finish if untreated
- Acoustic reflectance (NRC 0.05)
- Initial cost higher than cast concrete
- Quality highly operator-dependent
08 Applications
A1 Slope stabilisation and rock face protection
A2 Tunnel linings and underground mining support
A3 Retaining walls and basement construction
A4 Swimming pool construction (AS 2783)
A5 Bridge abutments and infrastructure repair
A6 Structural retrofitting and rehabilitation
A7 Architectural features and complex geometries
A8 Marine structures and seawalls
A9 Fire protection overlays
A10 Shotcrete sculpting and theming
09 Sources & Standards
Sources pending — citations for this material are not yet recorded. Verify all figures against manufacturer data and current standards before specifying.