Form · 150–400 mm
Cementitious — indicative fig. M·09
Fire A1 Non-combustibleEmbodied carbon 0.16kgCO₂e/kg LowCompressive 20-50MPa StructuralDesign life 100yr Durable
Normal-weight reinforced concrete wall systems with typical compressive strengths 20-50 MPa and density around 2500 kg/m3.
01 Physical
Density 2500kg/m3
Specific gravity 2.4
Porosity 12%
Water absorption 5%
Hardness 7
UV resistance Excellent
Chemical resistance Good
pH tolerance 4-13
Surface roughness 3.5µm
02 Mechanical
Tensile strength 2.2-4.1MPa
Compressive strength 20-50MPa
Flexural strength 5MPa
Shear strength 0.8MPa
Poisson's ratio 0.2
Impact resistance High
Creep resistance Moderate
03 Thermal
Thermal conductivity 1.44W/m·K
Specific heat 920J/kg·K
Thermal expansion 10×10⁻⁶/°C
04 Compliance & Fire First question
Combustibility class Non-combustible
Fire resistance level 180/180/180
Ignition temp 1000°C
Flame spread index 0
Smoke dev. index 0
Heat release rate 0
05 Sustainability & Health
Embodied carbon 395kgCO2e/m³
Carbon footprint 395
Embodied energy 2.5MJ/kg
Water footprint 180L/kg
Recyclability 100%
Recycled content 15%
Renewable content 0%
Circular score 6
VOC emissions 0
Toxicity rating Non-toxic
LEED contribution 2
06 Durability · Cost · Logistics
Expected lifespan 100
Maintenance interval 5
Warranty period 10
Material cost (range) 180-350
Material cost (per unit) 265
Lead time 1-2 days
Lifecycle cost 450
Annual maintenance 2
Market availability Excellent
07 Assessment
Advantages
- Excellent fire resistance (up to 4 hours FRL)
- High acoustic performance (Rw 52-62 dB)
- Superior structural strength and durability
- Thermal mass for temperature regulation
- Termite and pest resistant
- Low maintenance requirements
- Cyclone and earthquake resistant
- Versatile finishing options
- 100+ year service life
- Local material availability
Constraints
- High embodied carbon (340-450 kg CO2e/m³)
- Thermal bridging without insulation
- Labour-intensive construction
- Long curing time (28 days full strength)
- Formwork requirements increase cost
- Limited modification after construction
- Potential for shrinkage cracking
- Heavy weight requires substantial foundations
- Poor thermal insulation (R0.10-0.28)
- Moisture penetration if not properly sealed
08 Applications
A1 Multi-storey residential and commercial buildings
A2 Fire-rated compartment walls (FRL 90/90/90 to 240/240/240)
A3 Acoustic separation walls between dwellings
A4 Basement and retaining walls
A5 Lift and stair cores
A6 Industrial structures and warehouses
A7 Infrastructure projects (bridges, tunnels)
A8 Cyclone and earthquake resistant structures
A9 Thermal mass walls for passive solar design
A10 Blast-resistant structures
09 Sources & Standards
Sources pending — citations for this material are not yet recorded. Verify all figures against manufacturer data and current standards before specifying.